UNIT 4

Compound Nouns

   Words can be combined to form compound nouns. These are very common, and new combinations are invented almost daily. They normally have 2 parts, the second part identifies the object or person. The first part tell us what kind of object or person it is.
One word or two words?
   -Noun+noun-----bedroom, water tank, motorcycle, printer cartridge
   -Noun+verb-----rainfall, haircut, hairdo
   -Verb+noun-----washing machine, driving license, swimming pool

Example:

-Bean+bag=beanbag
-Scare+crow=scarecrow
-Sun+flower=sunflower

Example:

1. The place where you sleep.....Bedroom
2. A popular American sport.....Baseball
3. Sushi is an example of this.....Seafood
4. A place to grow plants.....Greenhouse
5. A place to party!.....Nightclub
6. A thing you use to look after the stuff on top of your head.....Hairbrush
7. You might need one of this if you go traveling.....Guidebook
8. Chores like cleaning and tidying.....Housework
9. You need one of these to live!.....Heartbeat
10. You may read one on the way to work.....Newspaper

Have/Get something done

   This construction is passive in meaning. It describe situations where we want someone else to do something for us.
HAVE/GET+object+PAST PARTICIPLE

Example:

1. You can get your camera fixed
2. You can have your photos printed
3. You can get some copies made

UNIT 3

The vs No article

   The
     -Uses before nouns of which there is only one.
     -Uses before a noun which has become definite as a result of being mentioned a second.
     -Uses before name of seas, rivers, chains of mountains, groups of islands and plural names of countries.
     -Uses before musical instruments
   No article
     -We do not use an article when we talk about plural nouns when we are talking generally.

Example:

1. How much money do you want?Give me - 10 dollars 
2. I gave him the money that I found
3. She is the only person here that speaks Japanese
4. I live in - London 
5. This kind of - weather make me happy 
6. She brought the plant that is next to the window 

Indirect questions

   We use indirect questions when we want to make more polite questions. They have an opening phrase before the main question. For yes/no questions use if/whether after the opening phrases.

Example: 

1. Where is the post office?...Could you tell me where the post office is.
2. What does this word mean?...Do you know what this word means.
3. What time is it?...I wonder what time it is.
4. Where did you park your car?...Can't you remember where you parked your car.
5. Is Ann coming to the meeting?...I don't know if Ann is coming to the meeting.
6. Where does Jack live?...Do you have any idea where Jack lives.
7. What time did he leave?...Do you know what time he left.
8. Where can I change some money?...Could you tell me where I can change some money.

UNIT 2

   1.DeterminerOrder of Adjectives

   2.Opinion
   3.Size
   4.Height/Length
   5.Shape/Weight
   6.Color
   7.Material

Example:

-A delicious small circular green apple     -An expensive medium-sized circular gold metal ring

Used to

   We use the expression "used to" to talk about things that were true in the past, but are not true in the present.

Example:

Beaches

1. Beaches used to be cleaner

2. People didn't use to wear bikinis

3. Beaches didn't use to have hotels

4. People didn't use to wear sunscreen

5. They used to sell popcorn

So/Too.....Either/Neither

   We use SO, TOO, EITHER and NEITHER to express similarity or to show that you agree with the other's person opinion on something.

-Either/Neither for negative sentences

-So/Too for affirmative sentences

Example: 

1. I can't speak Japanese....I can't either
2. She works in an office....Me too
3. Tim used to walk to work....So did I
4. They haven't finished their homework...I haven't either

UNIT 1

Make or DO

   Make: When you talk about something you create.   
   Do: When we talk an action that mostly refer to the word "work".

Example :

1. To make a journey                              11. To do someone a favor

2. To do the shopping                            12. To make a bargain

3. To make the beds                              13. To do an examination

4. To make fun of someone                   14. To make a complaint

5. To do an exercise                               15. To make progress

6. To do one's best                                 16. To do the washing up

7. To make a speech                              17. To make money

8. To do a good job                                18. To make a reservation

9. To make a mistake                             19. To do harm to someone

10. To do the homework                         20. To make a decision 

Present Perfect + yet/already/just

   Just: a short time ago.
   Already: before you expected
   Yet: until now (negatives)

Example:

1. Don't come in here with those muddy shoes!! I have just/already clean this floor!!!
2. Have you finished that composition for History class already? You only started an hour ago.
3. I don't want to see "Alien 9" at the cinema again. I've already seen it twice.
4. I'm sorry. You have just missed Katie. She left the office about three minutes ago!

Present Perfect Progressive 

   Describes an action that began in the past, continues in the present, and may continue in the future.

Example:

Present Perfect simple or Present Perfect Progressive
-Tom: Hi Ana, I've been trying to ring you several times today. Where have you been?
-Ana: I have been at home all the time. But I have been cleaning the house all day, so maybe I didn't hear the phone ring.
-Tom: Have you cleaned everything now?
-Ana: No, no yet. I haven't tidied up the Kitchen yet. But why are you here?
-Tom: Don't you remember?Jane has invited us to her birthday party and we haven't bought a present for her yet.
-Ana: Oh!That's right. Have you already found out what she wants?